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01. Fountain Water Local Local pptx Sunumu İndir

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“The Historical Fountains of Istanbul Should Be Saved” Campaign - 1984-1986Reviving public water fountains: Community’s water belongs to the community!Avniye Tansuğ - tansug.comhttp://tarihiistanbulcesmeleri.blogspot.com No Democracy Without Water Justice! “Defending Our Commons & Right to Water”- by Su Hakkı.Org Panel & Forum - November 2, 2013, SaturdayTaxim Hill Hotel / Taksim, Istanbul, TURKEY
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One of the oldest street fountains of Istanbul: “Davutpaşa Fountain” - 15. centuryConstructionYear: 1485Sponsor:Davut Pascha,The Vizir of Sultan Mehmet Photos:Left: the situationin 1936,Right:Actual situation.(Source:Hayalleme.com)(Address: At the beginning of Fatih Hekimoğlu Alipaşa Street to Davutpaşa Mosque)
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Istanbul Fountains/ Functions -I• A meeting point of water with human through surface and ground water supply networks…• Tool for Access to Water, Social Justice, Charity...• Creating Employment by helping Social & Administrative Organisation (Ministry of Water, Various personnel for supplying water system, Foundations, Water selling/tasting shops, Fire Brigade, Water Carriers...) • Public Health measure (Cleaning, Treatment, Healing…)
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Istanbul Fountains/ Functions -II• Cultural & Architectural Asset (“Heritage”!)o Criteria: Place, position, time, plan, decoration, function, water type, construction material etc. o An element of water engineering o An architectural element (Interior, Exterior, City-Planning, reference point, directioning, distinctive for administrational districts…) Security (Preventing measure for being spied)o An art object Stone carving, Calligraphy, painting, ornamentation... Literature Historical data/text…
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İstanbul and FountainsBeginning of 15th Century- Cisterns and a few monumental fountain (inherited from East Rome empire)1453-1500 - Constructing new Waterways, aqueducts + 270 street fountains16th Cent. - New waterways + New public fountains (50 of them still exists)17th Cent. - Over 14.500 fountains (including interiors)18th Cent.- Diversification in form & function19th Cent.- Western effects, Fountains for public squares, Triple of “garden-building-water”, Monumental fountains, new aqueducts, diversity in form and material20th Cent.- Western effect, New waterway (Hamidiye) & new types of casted fountains (148), Terkos Water Company, fountains build under I. National Architecture Style effect, Significant decrease in number of the fountains (Beginning of 20th Cent.: ∼ 1500 - End of 20th Cent.: ∼ 500-800)
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Reasons of the devastation in 20th Century and Fact Finding• Demolishing the historic waterways• Irregular urbanization and housing • Commercialization of water• Lack of need (“Drinkable water” v “Terkos” - “fountain water”!)• Result: Loss of function & visibility• “Dummy” or wrong restorations
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Commercialization of water..Cartoons:İbrahim Tapa, İstanbul Karikatürleri
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A Sample to Commercialization: Beykoz, Karakulak Spring Water and Its FountainThese kind of fountains were used to be inaugurated by the Sultans himself with prayings in the past...Today: The same fountain is just a decoration and isolated while the spring water is bottled in plastic...
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A fountain that was left to its fate... A sample of improper restoration...Üsküdar... Eyüp...
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Essential Rules of Preservation“Heart Cannot Worry about Mind Doesn’t Know” (Europa Nostra)• Possessiveness: Awareness, consciousness raising, creating public opinion• Protection: Public, local, private, civil cooperation (Ownership, bureaucracy, finance, scientific knowledge and Water) - Restoration, re-functioning• Conservation: Supporting restoration with maintenance
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Started by: (First) Milliyet Daily, (Later on) Güneş DailyGoal: Restoring and reviving 50 of the historical public fountains/year Strategy: Cooperation of Press, Public & Local authorities, Private Sector, and Civil institutionsActors: Güneş Daily, İBB (Municipality of Istanbul), İSKİ (İstanbul Water Authority, Joint Working Group, Advisory Committee, Yıldız University, Private Sector, Civil Associations, Sponsors, Supporters and Campaign Director FundRaising: Public, Civil associations, Companies, public & local authorities.Communication Channels: Print newspaper, other press organs, TRT and face to face. (There was no Internet at that time so were social networks!)Campaign Logo & Emblem: With the courtesy of Bülent Erkmen“The Historical Fountains of Istanbul Should Be Saved” Campaign - 1984-1986
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• Campaign for Preserving Our Cultural Heritage (UNESCO-Milliyet Daily)- and the first restoration - 1983• The Historical Fountains of Istanbul Should be Saved Campaign (GÜNEŞ-İBB) 1984• Creating Awareness - Newscasting (Güneş Daily Reporters, Photographing (around 500 fountains) - Period: 3 months) • Announcing Campaign - 1 week • News & Interviews - (Non-Stop)• Scientific Works- Yıldız University Architectural Dept. , Students Tasks: Surveying and drawn up the historical fountains• Seminar and Book• Restorations and Opening Ceremonies• Final: Over 70 restored fountains with free water within 2 years -1986 Phases of the Campaign
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3 months of attention-grabbing newscasting... (With the contribution of Güneş editors, reporters, photographers and cartoonists!) !!!!!!!!!
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Interviews with public opinion leaders, professionals and academia on the historical public fountains of Istanbul...
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3,2,1,0 and START!“Güneş Announces the Campaign!
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Strategic co-operation: Joint Working Group, Advisory Committee, Yıldız University… (With the contribution of Prof. Dr. Metin Sözen.)Scientific Meeting: Seminar for Istanbul FountainsCommunication Tools: Seminar Book, News Coverage, Face to Face...The Book: Created by voluntary work within Gunes daily! Graphic Design: Bülent Erkmen, Application: Hakkı Öcal (Gazetenin emektar agrondizörü ile!)
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The Brochure of the Campaign… (Graphic Design: Burçak Güven- Ertuğrul Ateş)
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• Increased public interest and awareness towards the fountains• Creating alternative fund-raising ways besides money ( Taps, projects, cleaning, monitoring, making films and documentaries…)• Reviving of 70 + fountains of Istanbul • Mobil Restoration Team (İSKİ)• Inventory and surveys, drawings, printed material, A TRT documentary, News, Interviews, Cartoons... (Content) + With the contribution of ISKİ a scientific book publishing on the historical water supply systems of Istanbul by (the late) Prof. Dr. Kazım Çeçen • Increasing interest to social responsibility in private sector• etc. Outcomes of the Campaign
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Non-stop reporting...The man: “We don’t have the right of grambling that this fountain is drying!”
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• After the local elections, the approach of the successor local authorities towards the Campaign as “one of the projects of the processor”,• As a result of the management change, the discharging of the İSKİ Mobile Maintenance Team. Cutting off the free water connections previously given... • Returning the negative functions (Garbage, graffiti, spoiling fountains...)• Trying to get benefit out of raised public awareness by some trade circles (Example: A company started to sell prefabricated funny fountains to some local authorities as “Typical Ottoman Fountain”!- One of them still exists within the Barbaros Park, others were placed differently...)• Lack of need (“Drinkable water” v “Terkos” - “fountain water”!) • Decreasing the Campaign components and “That’s It!”!The End of the Campaign
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Conclusion-I• This Campaign was planned and activated 29 years before now. The situation we face with in 2013 is much more desperate comparing to 30 years’ ago…• It is not so easy to say that the majority of restorations today is exactly proper with scientific and ethical rules while the restoration works were used to be strictly controlled 30 years ago.• Some of the Istanbul fountains are more and more being restored or having a “metamorphosis” with political or touristic purposes…
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Conclusion- II• The unguided urbanization is also ascending. On the other hand the natural, cultural and historical resources of Istanbul are under the threat of MEGA Projects those are useless and unnecessary. • So that new paradigms and strategies are needed more than ever now in order to protect the fountains and be able to say “Community’s water belongs to the community! Wishing success to “Su Hakkı.Org”, I sincerely thank to all who helped this Campaign and to the audience here for listening!A. Tansuğ