| Sıra | DOSYA ADI | Format | Bağlantı |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01. | Capital Quality Quality Quality | pptx | Sunumu İndir |
Transkript
Demographic Factors, Social Supports, and Quality of Life of HIV infected Persons in GhanaPresentation by Tina Abrefa-Gyan, PhDNorfolk State UniversityOctober 28, 2014
Acknowledgements Funding Support Norfolk State University
Presentation Overview Purpose and Significance of Presentation/Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Ghana Literature Review/prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Ghana Theoretical Framework Methodology/Research Design/Research Questions/Hypothesis Results from the Study Discussions- Study’s Implications for Social Work
Purpose of Presentation/Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Ghana Purpose: To discuss the study and its findings Population estimate for July 2014 was 25,758,108 HIV prevalence rates: 1.8% (CIA, 2013), Currently at 1.4%. Prevalence rates are significantly higher in other countries; Lesotho (23.10%), Botswana (23%), South Africa (17.90%), and Zimbabwe (14.70%) (CIA, 2014). Why should we care? A generalized epidemic: infection rate is above 1% among the general population (UNAIDS, 2009) 4
Literature Review Summary Compared to Asia, Europe, and USA/Canada, few studies have been conducted on the topic in Ghana, and Africa in general. Social supports and quality of life differed by demographic factors. E.g., Gender influenced social supports in all settings Findings from prior literature are consistent with findings from this study
Theoretical Framework The Social Determinants of Health, defined as: “Social determinants of health are those conditions of life deeply connected to the foundations of existence, to the entirety of economic and social life.” The “entire social environments, including the distribution of power and privilege may play a role in the health of populations, such as social networks, educational systems, and family structure.”(Hofritcher, 2001, p. 11, as cited in the WHO SDH Report, 2010)
Theories Social capital, social support, and social network theory Concepts from the intersection domains of social capital, social network and social support theories .
Theoretical FrameworkModel: Conceptualization of Socio-demographic Factors, Social Support, and Quality of Life (Adapted from Oakes & Rossi, 2003) SOCIAL SUPPORT Influence SOCIAL NETWORKS QUALITY OF LIFE (QoL) Influence Socio-demographic Factors: Material Capital Stated Income Social Capital Employment Status Human Capital Education (in years) HIV Knowledge Knowledge of HIV Risky Behavior(s) Demographic Factors Sex (male, female, and other) Age Marital Status
Methodology-Study Setting Study was conducted in Accra, Ghana Subjects were PLWAs belonging to various support groups managed by the NAP+ Ghana NAP+ Ghana was formed to help improve the lives of PLWAs Group members meet at least once a month The support groups come together to deal with the complexity of issues working against PLWA in Ghana including stigma and discrimination Study was conducted from September-October 2013
Study Design Cross-sectional design survey Most of the respondents self-reported (read) Just a few requested for assistance in completing surveys (listened)
Sample and Sampling Strategy N = 300 Participants were notified about the research project through flyers posted at the agency and from agency representatives Participants orally consented to the study Surveys were used to gather data.
Procedures Individual participants were directed to meet with this researcher at her office (within the agency) to complete surveys Compensation for their time: GH ¢ 10 (USD $4.76)
Measurement Demographic Questionnaire: For variables like sex, age, income, marital status, etc. QoL instrument: Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) scale Social Support instrument: MOS Social Support Survey Original versions of instruments were used Permission from the instrument developers granted
Methodology-Research Questions1. Is there an association between overall social support and quality of life?2. Are both socio-demographic factors and social supports of individuals with HIV/AIDS associated with their quality of life?
Results from the Study-Demographics Total N = 300 All respondents (100%) reported income of less than GH ¢100.99 (USD $46.33) Ranged in age from 18 to 60 years Demographic Factors N % Female 231 77.0 Belong to other Groups 272 90.7 Less Educated (0-12) 291 97.0 Married 152 50.7 Unemployed 287 95.7 HIV/AIDS Diagnosis for >4 years 201 67.0 Family Member Benefit 300 100 Christian 280 93.3 Group Attendance for ≥1 year 263 87.7 Have Children 242 80.7
Results-Hypotheses Tested The hypotheses were rejected Ho1: There is no association between overall social support and quality of life A moderate correlation was found between overall social support and overall quality of life (r = .51, p = .01)
Results-Hypotheses Tested Ho2: There is no relationship between socio-demographic factors and social supports combined with the quality of life of individuals with HIV/AIDS. The overall equation was significant; p < .0005. R2 = .415 (41.5%) Significant demographic factors [younger (B = -.002, p = < .0005); male (B = .154, p = < .0005); attended support group meetings for over a year (B = .043, p = .009); educated (B = .070, p = .023). Overall social support was not significant; (p = .081).
Discussions-Study’s Implications for Social Work Practice: Encourage the use of more interventions that will enhance the receipt of increased social support in Ghana Policy: Fund the development of more interventions aimed at increasing social supports in Ghana Research: Preliminary quantitative study on the topic in Ghana. Other researchers can build on knowledge by further investigating relationships among variables in other settings in Ghana and other developing countries
Group Discussion Questions Suggestions
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